Gene fusions resulting from chromosomal translocations have been widely recognized as key drivers of oncogenic pathways in hematological cancers and sarcomas for decades. The archetypical example is the BCR-ABL gene fusion present in almost all chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 [t(9;22)(q34;q11)].

Evidence for transcriptionally active HPV oncogenes E6/E7 is regarded as the gold standard for presence of clinically relevant high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), but detection of HPV E6 E7 mRNA can be challenging using conventional techniques. As a causal agent in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), it is critical that the detection method enable pathologist review of tissue morphology and be of the highest specificity and sensitivity for accurate assessment of within the tissue microenvironment of FFPE specimens.

The rapid and expansive field of stem cell biology has demonstrated the remarkable capabilities of these cells to self-renew, differentiate and reprogram. Yet the field continues to expand with studies trying to elucidate stem cell populations, characterize stem cell markers and identify the signals secreted from stem cells. RNAscope™ in situ hybridization (ISH) technology enables cell-specific localization of RNA transcripts quickly and precisely for markers of stem cell populations.
The RNAscope™ assay can be used to

Direct detection of viral RNA in human or other animal cells by RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) is a powerful tool to establish the etiology and pathogenesis of viral diseases. Nucleic acid-based molecular detection methods have revolutionized viral detection, offering several essential advantages such as sensitivity, specificity and speed.  Beyond those stated advantages, RNAscope  ISH uniquely offers molecular detection coupled with morphological context enabling visualization of the virus in different infected tissues and cell types. 

A tumor is a complex organ consisting of many cell types. Localization of an alteration in gene expression to specific cell types provides the first link to cellular function. The pursuit of personalized medicine through technologies like microarrays and next-generation sequencing has generated a wealth of novel biomarkers, which promise to improve cancer diagnosis and patient stratification. However, for many of these biomarkers, we do not know which specific cell types in the tumor express them. This limits our ability to fully understand their biological relevance.