Cancer

Neural migration is a critical step during brain development that requires the interactions of cell-surface guidance receptors. Cancer cells often hijack these mechanisms to disseminate. Here, we reveal crystal structures of Uncoordinated-5 receptor D (Unc5D) in complex with morphogen receptor glypican-3 (GPC3), forming an octameric glycoprotein complex. In the complex, four Unc5D molecules pack into an antiparallel bundle, flanked by four GPC3 molecules.

Recent single-cell studies of cancer in both mice and humans have identified the emergence of a myofibroblast population specifically marked by the highly restricted leucine-rich-repeat-containing protein 15 (LRRC15)1-3. However, the molecular signals that underlie the development of LRRC15+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their direct impact on anti-tumour immunity are uncharacterized.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, develops almost exclusively in patients with chronic liver disease and advanced fibrosis1,2. Here we interrogated functions of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the main source of liver fibroblasts3, during hepatocarcinogenesis. Genetic depletion, activation or inhibition of HSCs in mouse models of HCC revealed their overall tumour-promoting role.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus. Of the approximate ten to twenty million people currently infected worldwide, 4-9% of infected individuals develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) or HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paresis (HAM/TSP) in their lifetime. The current report is based on a patient who presented concurrently with CD30+ lymphoma subtype ATLL and HAM/TSP. The patient’s ATLL responded to brentuximab-vedotin-based chemotherapy; however, HAM/TSP did not improve.

目的 通过表达谱芯片筛选卵巢癌(OC)有价值的核心长链非编码RNAs(lncRNAs)分子,并进行表达验证和分析。方法 收集宁夏医科大学总医院2018年1月至2019年6月OC组织36份,正常卵巢组织22份,以表达谱芯片检测差异表达lncRNAs和mRNAs分子,以real-time PCR验证lncRNAs表达,原位杂交验证关键核心lncRNA的表达,生物信息学分析lncRNA可能的功能。结果 相比于正常组织,癌组织中共有4 982个差异表达的lncRNA,以锌指E盒结合同源盒蛋白2-AS1(ZEB2-AS1)的高表达最为显著(P＜0.05);ZEB2-AS1在肝癌、结肠癌和肾癌等多个癌组织中过表达;表达水平与肿瘤大小、病理分级、病理分型及临床分期均有相关性(P＜0.05),且高表达导致总生存期和无病生存期降低(P＜0.05)。ZEB2-AS1具有多个microRNA结合位点,与相应邻近基因ZEB2的表达情况一致。结论 ZEB2-AS1在卵巢癌中异常表达,提示ZEB2-AS1具有重要的研究价值。

There are few prostate cancer prognostic biomarkers. However, clinical difficulties in distinguishing between aggressive and non-aggressive tumors have been observed. CD73 is a 70-kDa glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked ecto-enzyme that reduces antitumor immunity in mouse models of tumor, particularly prostate cancer. It's believed to be a promising biomarker for predicting the clinical development and prognosis of certain tumor types. Its function in prostate cancer, however, is unknown.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a malignant vascular neoplasm caused by KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. HIV plays a major role in KS pathogenesis. KS in HIV usually produces more malignant features than classic KS. Despite the close KS-HIV relationship, no study has reported the existence of HIV in KS tissue. We used ddPCR to detect HIV and KSHV in HIV+ KS samples and classic KS control. We verified KS cell types through immunohistochemistry and applied hypersensitive in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect HIV and KSHV in tumor cells.

The involvement of Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV2) in feline Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has been previously hypothesized. In this study, the expression and localization of FcaPV2 oncogene mRNA, the integration of FcaPV2 genes, and p53 mutations in feline MCC were examined by RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH), whole genome sequencing (WGS), and Sanger DNA sequencing, respectively.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as significant regulators of gene expression and a novel promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This study identified a novel, differentially expressed lncRNA in advanced gastric cancer (AGC), Inc-ATMIN-4:2, and evaluated its clinicopathological and prognostic significance.Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in AGC tissue samples.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes various B-cell lymphomas and epithelial malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC) at frequencies ranging from 5 to 10% in adenocarcinomas (ADK) to 80% in GC with lymphoid stroma (GCLS).