RNAscope

The exact etiopathology of chilblains observed during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still unclear. Initially, SARS-CoV-2 appeared as the obvious causing agent, but two years of various investigations have failed to convincingly support its direct implication. Most affected individuals have no detectable virus, no anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and no symptoms of COVID-19. Analyses of skin biopsies similarly failed to unambiguously demonstrate presence of the virus or its genome.

Diabetes leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction. 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HT4R) is distributed in the colonic mucosa, but little is known about the role of 5-HT4R activation in diabetes-evoked colonic barrier dysfunction. This study investigates whether activation of 5-HT4Rs on goblet cells (GCs) protects the colon from commensal bacterial translocation in diabetic mice. Expression of 5-HT4R detected inside the colonic epithelium by RNAscope in situ hybridization was further observed within the mucin 2 (MUC2)-immunoreactive GCs.

Simultaneous nanoscale imaging of mRNAs and proteins of the same specimen can provide better information on the translational regulation, molecular trafficking, and molecular interaction of both normal and diseased biological systems. Expansion microscopy (ExM) is an attractive option to achieve such imaging; however, simultaneous ExM imaging of proteins and mRNAs has not been demonstrated. Here, a technique for simultaneous ExM imaging of proteins and mRNAs in cultured cells and tissue slices, which we termed dual-expansion microscopy (dual-ExM), is demonstrated.

Current recommendations suggest neoadjuvant treatment in node-positive esophageal cancer or tumors staged T3 and upwards but some T2 N0 patients might benefit from neoadjuvant therapy. It is of clinical relevance to identify this subgroup. Loss of epithelial apicobasal polarity is a key factor in the development of invasive capabilities of carcinoma. The oncofetal stem/progenitor cell marker NOPE is expressed in adult depolarized murine hepatocytes and in murine/human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Long bones are formed and repaired through the process of endochondral ossification. Activation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways is crucial for skeletal development and long bone growth. G protein-gated inwardly-rectifying K+ (GIRK) channel genes are key functional components and effectors of GPCR signaling pathways in excitable cells of the heart and brain, but their roles in non-excitable cells that directly contribute to endochondral bone formation have not been studied. In this study, we analyzed skeletal phenotypes of Girk2-/-, Girk3-/- and Girk2/3-/- mice.

To understand the dynamics of RGS4 gene expression after nerve injury, we perform the spared-nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain in C57BL/6. At 21 days (DRG) or 2.5 months (spinal cord) post-surgery (SNI vs sham), animals were sacrificed and specimens were harvested for tissue processing.

The mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis are multifaceted and remain elusive with no approved antifibrotic treatments available. The adult zebrafish has been an underutilized tool to study liver fibrosis. We aimed to characterize the single-cell transcriptome of the adult zebrafish liver to determine its utility as a model for studying liver fibrosis. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of adult zebrafish liver to study the molecular and cellular dynamics at a single-cell level.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) exerts various biological activities through six characterized G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6 ). While LPA-LPA1  signaling contributes toward the demyelination and retraction of C-fiber and induces neuropathic pain, the effects of LPA-LPA1  signaling on acute nociceptive pain is uncertain. This study investigated the role of LPA-LPA1  signaling in acute nociceptive pain using the formalin test. The pharmacological inhibition of the LPA-LPA1 axis significantly attenuated formalin-induced nociceptive behavior.

Acute neurological alterations have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, it is becoming clear that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors may experience long-term neurological abnormalities, including cognitive deficits and mood alterations. The mechanisms underlying acute and long-term impacts of COVID-19 in the brain are being actively investigated.

The new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of the female genital tract (2020) divides endocervical adenocarcinoma (EAC) into human papilloma virus (HPV)-related adenocarcinoma (HPVA) and HPV-independent adenocarcinoma (HPVI) to underscore the morphological and pathogenetic correlation. It may be potentially prognostic. In this study, we appraised the new WHO classification in an independent, single institution-based EAC cohort from China to assess the clinicopathological features and prognostic value among tumour types.