RNAscope 2.5 LS Assay

Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Patient suitability to anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition is key to the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We present, applied to PD-L1 testing: a comprehensive cross-validation of two immunohistochemistry (IHC) clones; our descriptive experience in diagnostic reflex testing; the concordance of IHC to in-situ RNA (RNA-ISH); and application of digital pathology.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients suffer from chronic abdominal pain and extraintestinal comorbidities, including overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC-PBS). Mechanistic understanding of the cause and time course of these comorbid symptoms is lacking, as are clinical treatments. Here, we report that colitis triggers hypersensitivity of colonic afferents, neuroplasticity of spinal cord circuits, and chronic abdominal pain, which persists after inflammation.

Recently three different cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) dual inhibitors were approved for the treatment of breast cancer (palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib), all of which offer comparable therapeutic benefits. Their safety profiles however are different.

The factors responsible for the low detection rate of cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the plasma of glioblastoma (GB) patients are currently unknown. In this study, we measured circulating nucleic acids in patient-derived orthotopically implanted xenograft (PDOX) models of GB (n=64) and show that tumor size and cell proliferation, but not the integrity of the blood-brain barrier or cell death, affect the release of ctDNA in treatment naïve GB PDOX.

Aim: The presence of cells within meningioma (MG) that express embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers has been previously reported. However, the precise location of these cells has yet to be determined.

Although 2014 World Health Organization criteria require unequivocal glandular and squamous differentiation for a diagnosis of cervical adenosquamous carcinoma, in practice, adenosquamous carcinoma diagnoses are often made in tumors that lack unequivocal squamous and/or glandular differentiation. Considering the ambiguous etiologic, morphological, and clinical features and outcomes associated with adenosquamous carcinomas, we sought to redefine these tumors.

The knockout (KO) of the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) gene causes retinal degeneration. Here we report that ADIPOR1 protein is primarily found in the eye and brain with little expression in other tissues. Further analysis of AdipoR1 KO mice revealed that these animals exhibit early visual system abnormalities and are depleted of RHODOPSIN prior to pronounced photoreceptor death.

The occurrence of a spontaneous nephropathy with intranuclear inclusions in laboratory mice has puzzled pathologists for over 4 decades, because its etiology remains elusive. The condition is more severe in immunodeficient animals, suggesting an infectious cause. Using metagenomics, we identify the causative agent as an atypical virus, termed "mouse kidney parvovirus" (MKPV), belonging to a divergent genus of Parvoviridae.

Targeted protein degradation via small-molecule modulation of cereblon offers vast potential for the development of new therapeutics.

The deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 is mutated in a hereditary cancer syndrome with a high risk for mesothelioma and melanocytic tumors.