Publication

High-quality mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cryostat sections are crucial for proper immunochemistry staining and RNAscope studies in the research of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, itch, as well as other peripheral neurological conditions. However, it remains a challenge to consistently obtain high-quality, intact, and flat cryostat sections onto glass slides because of the tiny sample size of the DRG tissue. So far, there is no article describing an optimal protocol for DRG cryosectioning.

Krabbe disease, an inherited leukodystrophy, is a sphingolipidosis caused by deficiency of β-galactocerebrosidase: it is characterized by myelin loss, and pathological activation of macrophage/microglia and astrocytes. To define driving pathogenic factors, we explored the expression repertoire of candidate neuroinflammatory genes: upregulation of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (Ripk1) and disease-associated microglia (DAM) genes, including Cst7 and Ch25h, correlated with severity of Krabbe disease genetically modelled in the twitcher mouse.

Related the profile of some toxicological aspect of some COVID -19 vaccine and in specifc way to the rare effect like pericarditis or trombosys are reported in this work some relevant literature involved in the effect played by the SPIKE PROTEINS and its link on epithelial tissue ACE receptor, the Graphene (if present) and under some magnetic field or electrical condition. An experimental hypotesys is submitted to the reseacher in order to produce a global conclusion of toxicological interest.

特定のタンパク質や遺伝子発現の組織内局在・細胞 内局在を明らかにする組織学的手法は，生命科学・医 学における生体機能解析の基幹手法である．代表的な 組織学的手法の一つである in situ hybridization 法 （ISH）は，DNA・RNA 等核酸を標的にするという特 性から，遺伝子改変動物を用いた機能解析，AAV ウ イルスによる局所的機能調節など，近年大きく発展を 続けている分子生物学的な手法との併用に強みをもつ 手法である．特に神経系の研究分野では，近年のsinglecell RNA シーケンス解析により，単一神経核/領域内 で遺伝子発現プロファイルの異なる多数の細胞集団が 混在していることが明らかになりつつあり1,2，細胞レ ベルの分解能で mRNA 局在解析を行うことができる ISH はより重要性を増している3 ．また，より短いプ ローブ長での高感度化や手法の簡便化などを目標に手 法の改良が続いており，従来の感度では検出できな かった低発現量遺伝子の解析など，より応用の幅が広 がっている．本稿では，タンパク質を検出標的とする 免疫染色法と比較した ISH の特徴，近年の ISH 高感度 化の試みに加え，神経科学分野の未解明領域への応用 について概説する．

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a very rare and aggressive, endocrine malignancy with still limited treatment options. Approximately 60% of patients with ACC show endogenous glucocorticoid excess which could be one potential cause, why first clinical trials with immunotherapies, like immune checkpoint inhibitors, showed only modest results. Due to the lack of an ACC-specific antigen structure, other immunotherapeutic approaches, like specialized cancer treatments using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in ACC, have not been tested so far.

Maturation of the definitive adrenal cortex occurs between 3 and 6 weeks post-partum and involves onset of CYP11B2 expression and establishment of the laminin-encased 3D structure of glomeruli that contain rosettes of 10 to 15 zona glomerulosa (zG) cells that work in coordination to produce optimal amounts of aldosterone. Although this process is dependent on canonical WNT/b-catenin signaling, cellular sources of WNT ligands remain elusive and the mechanisms involved in the extensive extra-cellular matrix remodeling associated with rosette/glomeruli morphogenesis are unknown.

There is a significant overlap between HIV infection and substance use disorders. Dopamine (DA) is the most abundantly upregulated neurotransmitter in Methamphetamine abuse, with receptors (DRD1-5) that are expressed by neurons as well as by a large diversity of cell types, including innate immune cells that are targets of HIV infection, making them responsive to the hyperdopaminergic environment that is characteristic of stimulant drugs. Therefore, the presence of high levels of dopamine may affect the pathogenesis of HIV, particularly in the brain.

CRCMSS/pMMR contain a significantly increased fraction of TREM2+ macrophages (TAMs) and CD66+ neutrophils (TANs) together with decrease of CD4-CD8-CD3+ double negative T lymphocytes (DNTs); no differences were revealed by the analysis of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell populations. A fraction of tumor-infiltrating T-cells display an exhausted phenotype, co-expressing PD-1 and TIM-3. Remarkably, expression of PD-L1 on fresh tumor cells and TAMs was undetectable even after in vitro stimulation with interferon-γ.

Total bilateral Limbal Stem Cells Deficiency is a pathologic condition of the ocular surface due to the loss of corneal stem cells. Cultivated Oral Mucosa Epithelial Transplantation (COMET) is the only autologous successful treatment for this pathology in clinical application, although non-physiological peripheric corneal vascularization often occurs. Properly characterizing the regenerated ocular surface is needed for a reliable follow-up. So far, the univocal identification of transplanted oral mucosa had been challenging.

In regenerative species, retinal injury induces Müller glia to de-differentiate and proliferate to replace lost cells, whereas in mammals, an initial repair response is rapidly aborted. We found that _Plagl1_, a maternally-imprinted transcription factor gene that is dynamically expressed post-insult, sustains murine glial quiescence at early postnatal stages. _Plagl1_+/-pat null mutant Müller glia translocate, proliferate and differentiate into inner-retinal neurons and photoreceptors.