RNAscope

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), defined as a group I carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO), is present in the tumour cells of patients with different forms of B-cell lymphoma, including Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and, most recently, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Understanding how EBV contributes to the development of these different types of B-cell lymphoma has not only provided fundamental insights into the underlying mechanisms of viral oncogenesis, but has also highlighted potential new therapeutic opportunities.

Patients with mutations in the TMPRSS3 gene suffer from recessive deafness DFNB8/DFNB10 for whom cochlear implantation is the only treatment option. Poor cochlear implantation outcomes are seen in some patients. To develop biological treatment for TMPRSS3 patients, we generated a knock-in mouse model with a frequent human DFNB8 TMPRSS3 mutation. The Tmprss3 A306T/A306T homozygous mice display delayed onset progressive hearing loss similar to human DFNB8 patients.

A 17-y-old Rocky Mountain gelding was presented to the Virginia-Maryland Veterinary Teaching Hospital because of a 4-wk history of anorexia, weight loss, lethargy, and fever of unknown origin. Abdominal ultrasound revealed lymphadenomegaly of the abdominal and colonic lymph nodes, thickening of the wall of the large colon, and a mass associated with the large colon. The horse was euthanized given a poor prognosis. On autopsy, an ~20-cm diameter mass was found within the mesocolon between the right ventral and right dorsal colon.

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm in dogs. Expression and prognostic significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in HS is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of TGF-β, PD-L1, and FoxP3/CD25 in canine HS utilizing RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope ).

Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a unique ion channel connected to a kinase domain. We previously demonstrated that Trpm7 expression is high in mouse ameloblasts and odontoblasts, and that amelogenesis is impaired in TRPM7 kinase-dead mice. Here, we analyzed TRPM7 function during amelogenesis in Keratin 14-Cre;Trpm7fl/fl conditional knockout (cKO) mice and Trpm7 knockdown cell lines. cKO mice showed lesser tooth pigmentation than control mice and broken incisor tips. Enamel calcification and microhardness were lower in cKO mice.

Gene therapy has become an important modality for a wide range of therapeutic indications with a rapid increase in the number of therapeutic candidates being developed in this field. Understanding the molecular biology underlying the gene therapy is often critical to develop appropriate safety assessment strategies. We aimed to discuss some of the commonly used gene therapy modalities and common preclinical toxicology testing considerations when developing gene therapies.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is continually evolving resulting in variants with increased transmissibility, more severe disease, reduced effectiveness of treatments or vaccines, or diagnostic detection failure. The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2 and AY lineages) was the dominant circulating strain in the United States from July to mid-December 2021, followed by the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529 and BA lineages).

Shuni virus (SHUV), an orthobunyavirus of the Simbu serogroup, was initially isolated in Nigeria in the 1960s, further detected in other African countries and in the Middle East, and is now endemic in Israel. Transmitted by blood-sucking insects, SHUV infection is associated with neurological disease in cattle and horses, and with abortion, stillbirth, or the birth of malformed offspring in ruminants. Surveillance studies also indicated a zoonotic potential.

The increase of the incidence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) dependent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is alarming, although we have greatly progressed in the classification and staging of this disease. We now know that OPSCC-HPV+ is a sub-type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with favourable prognosis and good response to therapy that needs a proper system of classification and staging. Thus, in routine practice it is essential to test patients for the presence of HPV.

Aberrant Ca-CaM signaling has been implicated in various congenital and acquired cardiac pathologies, including arrhythmia, hypertrophy, and HF. We examined the impact of HF induced by trans-aortic constriction (TAC) on the distribution of the three CaM mRNAs (Calm 1,2 and 3) and their key protein target mRNAs (Ryr2, Scn5a, Camk2d, NOS1 and Cacna1c) in cardiomyocytes, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNAScope™).