RNAscope

Based on literature data and their results, the authors summarize the most important knowledge about atypical porcine pestivirus. Since the first identification of the atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), it has been proven that the virus is widespread worldwide, both in domestic pig herds and wild boars, so it should be considered a relevant pig pathogen. Similar to the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which is also classified in the genus Pestivirus, it can cause congenital tremor (CT) in intrauterine infected piglets.

Recent years have seen a dramatic improvement in RNA and DNA sequencing technologies allowing the analysis of gene expression and chromatin conformation at the single-cell or nuclei level. This permitted to evidence that cells of the human brain may have different genomes, the different cell types living in a tumor or during its development, and many other biological features, promising significant future biomedical and clinical impacts.

Spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression lies at the core of many biological phenomena like memory, self-organization, and growth and differentiation. Sequencing of the human and other genomes collectively showed that although only a fraction of the genome codes for proteins, it is pervasively transcribed. The expression profile of thousands of RNA transcripts, protein-coding, or otherwise, provides invaluable information about the identity, fate, and potential of tissues.

Objectives: Up to 20% and 15% of critically ill influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are affected by influenza- and COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA and CAPA) respectively. These viral-fungal coinfections are difficult to diagnose and are associated with increased mortality. Mechanistic insights into the development of IAPA and CAPA are a prerequisite for the development of new biomarkers and novel immunomodulatory therapeutic targets. However, data on the pathophysiology are scarce.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is generally regarded as a genetic disease with diverse extent of intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity. Here we propose that, NPC is not only a genetic disease; it could be conceptualized as a multidimensional spatiotemporal “unity of ecology and evolution” pathological ecosystem.

Mental disability is a serious and often disabling symptom of Long Covid, for which currently there is no recommendable pharmacotherapy for those patients whose response to psychotherapy is suboptimal. Treatment could be formulated by using drugs that address the brain cell-types that have been demonstrated as dominantly affected in Long Covid. Those cell-types are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells/pericytes, and microglia. Lithium and fluoxetine each address all of those four cell-types.

La infección por COVID-19 es de reciente aparición, por lo que son escasos los datos sobre la presentación clínica durante el embarazo y los resultados perinatales. Los tipos de células de la placenta que expresan ECA2 son el sinciciotrofoblasto y el citotrofoblasto de las vellosidades coriónicas, las células del estroma decidual, las células perivasculares deciduales y las células del músculo liso vascular y endotelial.

Radiochemical in situ hybridization enables detection of gene expression in small areas of the brain, such as the developing pineal gland in rodents. The method combines determination of spatial and temporal gene expression profiles with semiquantitative analyses. We here describe the procedure of radiochemical in situ hybridization on the developing rat pineal gland ranging from preparation of fetal tissue for in situ hybridization to principles of quantification.

We made 2 Z-based in situ hybridization (ISH) probes for the detection of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2; Lagovirus GI.2) nucleic acid in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that had died during an outbreak of RHD in Washington, USA. One probe system was made for detection of negative-sense RNA (i.e., the replicative intermediate RNA for the virus), and the other probe system was constructed for detection of genomic and mRNA of the virus (viral mRNA).

Although the immunogenicity of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections can decrease during storage and transport, the exact mechanism of antigenic loss and how to prevent it are not clear. Herein, we investigated changes in the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), E-cadherin, and Ki-67 in human breast tissue microarray (TMA) tissue sections stored for up to 3 months in dry and wet conditions.