RNAscope 2.0 Assay

Lung adenosquamous cell carcinomas (ASCs) is a rare variant of NSCLC with a poorer prognosis and fewer treatment option than the more common variants. PD-L1 expression is reported to be the predictor of clinical response in trials of NSCLC.

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the potential involvement of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in the progression of the breast tumor and to determine its association with outcome variables and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression in patients with breast carcinoma (BC). Methods: SPARC expression was examined in 8 pairs of BC tissues and surrounding normal tissues at mRNA and protein levels by qRT-PCR, RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry techniques.

The intestine is maintained by stem cells, marked by LGR5 expression, located at the base of crypts. Genetically engineered mouse models have provided information about marker genes and stem cell pathways. Less is known about human intestinal stem cells due to difficulty detecting and isolating these cells.

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to trigger beta cell dysfunction in vitro and could potentially play a role during the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. However, several clinical trials attempting to block IL-1β function have had minimal success. We therefore re-investigated local expression of IL-1β in human diabetic and non-diabetic pancreata.

Viral metagenomic analysis detected a novel polyomavirus in a 6-month old female alpaca (Vicugna pacos) euthanized after a diagnosis of disseminated lymphosarcoma. The viral genome was fully sequenced, found to be similar to other polyomaviruses in gene architecture and provisionally named Alpaca polyomavirus or AlPyV. Viral nucleic acid was detected by PCR in venous blood, spleen, thymus, and lung.

Fibrosis is an exaggerated form of tissue repair that occurs with serious damage or repetitive injury and ultimately leads to organ failure due to the excessive scarring. Increased calcium ion entry through the TRPC6 channel has been associated with the pathogenesis of heart and glomerular diseases, but its role in renal interstitial fibrosis is unknown.

Squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck (HNSCC) is a common yet poorly understood cancer, with adverse clinical outcomes due to treatment resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Putative cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in HNSCC, and BMI1 expression has been linked to these phenotypes, but optimal treatment strategies to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance and eliminate metastases have not yet been identified.

Hyaluronan (HA) plays an important role in the development and maintenance of tissues, and its degradation is implicated in many pathologic conditions. We recently reported that HA-binding protein involved in HA depolymerization (HYBID/KIAA1199; encoded by CEMIP) is a key molecule in HA depolymerization, but its developmental and pathologic functions remain elusive. We generated Hybid-deficient mice using the Cre/locus of crossover in P1 (loxP) system and analyzed their phenotypes.

Several kinase inhibitors that target aberrant signaling pathways in tumor cells have been deployed in cancer therapy. However, their impact on the tumor immune microenvironment remains poorly understood.

Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer with high metastatic potential that is consistently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In this study, we have investigated the functional contribution of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signalling to the pathogenesis of NPC.