Publication

Abstract

Background

Pharyngeal pouches, a series of outpocketings that bud from the foregut endoderm, are essential to the formation of craniofacial skeleton as well as several important structures like parathyroid and thymus. However, whether pharyngeal pouch progenitors exist in the developing gut tube remains unknown.

In the developing human neocortex, progenitor cells generate diverse cell types prenatally. Progenitor cells and newborn neurons respond to signaling cues, including neurotransmitters. While single-cell RNA sequencing has revealed cellular diversity, physiological heterogeneity has yet to be mapped onto these developing and diverse cell types.

Abstract

Hemophilia B (HB) is a life-threatening inherited disease caused by mutations in the FIX gene, leading to reduced protein function and abnormal blood clotting. Due to its monogenic nature, HB is one of the primary targets for gene therapy. Indeed, successful correction of HB has been shown in clinical trials using gene therapy approaches.

The chicken yolk sac (YS) plays an important role in nutrient absorption and immune function for the developing embryo. The avian β-defensins (AvBD) are cationic peptides that are important members of the innate immune system. The objective of this study was to profile AvBD mRNA expression patterns and distribution of cells expressing AvBD mRNA in the chicken YS. Expression of AvBD1, 2, 7, and 10 mRNA was low at embryonic day 7 (e7), increased to e9 through e13 and then declined to e19.

Factors mediating mobilization of osteoblastic stem and progenitor cells from their bone marrow niche to be recruited to bone formation sites during bone remodeling are poorly known.

Encoding and predicting aversive events are critical functions of circuits that support survival and emotional well-being. Maladaptive circuit changes in emotional valence processing can underlie the pathophysiology of affective disorders. The lateral habenula (LHb) has been linked to aversion and mood regulation through modulation of the dopamine and serotonin systems.

Different thresholds of Wnt signalling are thought to drive stem cell maintenance, regeneration, differentiation and cancer. However, the principle that oncogenic Wnt signalling could be specifically targeted remains controversial. Here we examine the requirement of BCL9/9l, constituents of the Wnt-enhanceosome, for intestinal transformation following loss of the tumour suppressor APC.

In the central nervous system, the type I transmembrane glycoprotein NG2 (nerve-glia antigen 2) is only expressed by pericytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Therefore, OPCs are also termed NG2 glia. Their fate during development has been investigated systematically in several genetically modified mouse models.