RNAscope Multiplex Fluorescent Assay

Hyperphosphorylated tau in the locus coeruleus (LC) is ubiquitous in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD), and LC neurons degenerate as AD progresses. Hyperphosphorylated tau alters firing rates in other brain regions, but its effects on LC neurons are unknown. We assessed single unit LC activity in anesthetized wild-type (WT) and TgF344-AD rats at 6 months, which represents a prodromal stage when LC neurons are the only cells containing hyperphosphorylated tau in TgF344-AD animals, and at 15 months when β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology are both abundant in the forebrain.

Fibrosis is mainly triggered by inflammation in various tissues, such as heart and liver tissues, and eventually leads to their subsequent dysfunction. Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., collagens) produced by myofibroblasts. The well-developed actin cytoskeleton of myofibroblasts, one of the main features differentiating them from resident fibroblasts in tissues under inflammatory conditions, contributes to maintaining their ability to produce excessive ECM proteins.

At birth, the lung is still immature, heightening susceptibility to injury but enhancing regenerative capacity. Angiogenesis drives postnatal lung development. Therefore, we profiled the transcriptional ontogeny and sensitivity to injury of pulmonary endothelial cells (EC) during early postnatal life. Although subtype speciation was evident at birth, immature lung EC exhibited transcriptomes distinct from mature counterparts, which progressed dynamically over time.

Prostate cancer affects millions of men globally. The prostate cancer-associated gene ANO7 is downregulated in advanced prostate cancer, whereas benign tissue and low-grade cancer display varying expression levels. In this study, we assess the spatial correlation between ANO7 mRNA and protein using fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for the detection of mRNA and protein in parallel sections of tissue microarrays prepared from radical prostatectomy samples. We show that ANO7 mRNA and protein expression correlate in prostate tissue.

The intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (IGL/VLG) of the rodent thalamus process various signals and participate in circadian entrainment In both structures, cells exhibiting infra-slow oscillatory activity as well as non-rhythmically firing neurons can be observed Here, we reveal that only one of these two groups of cells responds to anorexigenic (CCK, GLP-1 and OXM) and orexigenic (Ghrl and OXA) peptides. Neuronal responses vary depending on the time of day (day vs. night) and on the diet (standard vs.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infects fetal neural progenitor cells (NPCs) causing severe neurodevelopmental disorders in utero. Multiple pathways involved in normal brain development are dysfunctional in infected NPCs but how ZIKV centrally reprograms these pathways remains unknown. Here we show that ZIKV infection disrupts subcellular partitioning of host transcripts critical for neurodevelopment in NPCs and functionally link this process to the up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1).

Some compulsive disorders have been considered to stem from the loss of control over coping strategies, such as displacement. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in the acquisition of coping behaviours and their subsequent compulsive manifestation in vulnerable individuals have not been elucidated.

Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that T cell-dependent bispecific antibodies (TDBs) induce systemic changes in addition to tumor killing, leading to adverse events. Here, we report an in-depth characterization of acute responses to TDBs in tumor-bearing mice. Contrary to modest changes in tumors, rapid and substantial lymphocyte accumulation and endothelial cell (EC) activation occur around large blood vessels in normal organs including the liver.

The vasculature is a key regulator of leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system (CNS) during inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the impact of endothelial-derived factors on CNS immune responses remains unknown. Bioactive lipids, in particular oxysterols downstream of Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (Ch25h), promote neuroinflammation but their functions in the CNS are not well-understood.

Currently, chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) has limited effective treatment. The roles of Oxytocin (OXT) and the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in central analgesia have been well documented. However, the expression and function of OXTR in the peripheral nervous system remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the peripheral antinociceptive profiles of OXTR in CINP.Paclitaxel (PTX) was used to establish CINP. qRT-PCR, in-situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the properties of OXTR expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).