RNAscope HiPlex v2 assay

Here we administered Cre-dependent shRNA to knock-down _Scn8a_ (thus Nav1.6) in Cre-expressing glutamatergic neurons in preBötC and quantified mRNA per glutamatergic neuron. We used adult Vglut2Cre mice (10-14 weeks old) and injected 50 nL of AAVs carrying the shRNA. We used _in situ_ hybridization (RNAscope Fluorescent Assay) to label mRNA of _Scn8a_ and to identify transduced glutamatergic neurons in the preBötC for RNA quantification at 2 and 6 weeks after injection.

Oligodendrogenesis in the human central nervous system has been observed mainly at the second trimester of gestation, a much later developmental stage compared to oligodendrogenesis in mice. Here, we characterize the transcriptomic neural diversity in the human forebrain at post-conception weeks (PCW) 8-10. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we find evidence of the emergence of a first wave of oligodendrocyte lineage cells as early as PCW 8, which we also confirm at the epigenomic level through the use of single-cell ATAC-seq.

METHODS : _MgpCre+/-_ mice were bred with _tfap2b+/-_ mice. Male _MgpCre+/-;tfap2b+/- _offspring were then crossed with female _tfap2blox/lox_ mice to obtain the final offspring, the _MgpCre+/-;tfap2b-/lox_ or AP-2β trabecular meshwork region knockout (TMR-KO) mice, as well as littermate controls. A 40 kDA FITC-conjugated dextran tracer was injected into the anterior segment of mutant and control mice. 0.005% LTP eye drops were used for topical treatment of the eye. The mice were euthanized 10 minutes after injection and eyes were enucleated, fixed, and cryosectioned.

Nucleus incertus (NI) is a brainstem structure involved in the control of arousal, stress responses and locomotor activity. It was reported recently that NI neurons express the dopamine type 2 (D2) receptor that belongs to the D2-like receptor (D2R) family, and that D2R activation in the NI decreased locomotor activity.

A defining pathological feature of human lung fibrosis is localized tissue heterogeneity, which challenges the interpretation of transcriptomic studies that typically lose spatial information. Here we investigate spatial gene expression in diagnostic tissue using digital profiling technology. We identify distinct, region-specific gene expression signatures as well as shared gene signatures.

The oral microbiome is second only to its intestinal counterpart in diversity and abundance, but its effects on taste cells remains largely unexplored. Using single-cell RNASeq, we found that mouse taste cells, in particular, sweet and umami receptor cells that express taste 1 receptor member 3 (Tas1r3), have a gene expression signature reminiscent of Microfold (M) cells, a central player in immune surveillance in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) such as those in the Peyer's patch and tonsils.

Adaptive behaviors arise from an integration of current sensory context and internal representations of past experiences. The central amygdala (CeA) is positioned as a key integrator of cognitive and affective signals, yet it remains unknown whether individual populations simultaneously carry current- and future-state representations. We find that a primary nociceptive population within the CeA of mice, defined by CGRP-receptor (Calcrl) expression, receives topographic sensory information, with spatially defined representations of internal and external stimuli.

The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) exerts prominent analgesic effects via central and peripheral action. However, the precise analgesic pathways recruited by OT are largely elusive. Here we discovered a subset of OT neurons whose projections preferentially terminate on OT receptor (OTR)-expressing neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). Using a newly generated line of transgenic rats (OTR-IRES-Cre), we determined that most of the vlPAG OTR expressing cells targeted by OT projections are GABAergic.

The development of multi-omic profiling tools has rapidly expanded in recent years, along with their use in profiling skin tissues in various contexts, including dermatologic diseases. Among these tools, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) have emerged as widely adopted and powerful assays for elucidating key cellular components and their spatial arrangement within skin disease.