BASEscope Assay RED

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs generated by a specific type of RNA alternative splicing called backsplicing through various mechanisms. Recently, thousands of circRNAs have been identified by high-throughput RNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics analysis. However, the functions of the majority have not been fully elucidated yet. Different tools, such as in situ hybridization, can help visualize the spatial temporal distribution of circRNA molecules, thus assisting the understanding of their biological and physiological functions.

Abundant immune cells reside in barrier tissues. Understanding the regulation of these cells can yield insights on their roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we report that the chemokine CCL27 is critical for establishment of resident lymphocytes and immune homeostasis in barrier tissues. CCL27 expression is associated with normal skin and hair follicle development independent of commensal bacterial stimulation, indicative of a homeostatic role for the chemokine.

Most mammalian genes generate messenger RNAs with variable untranslated regions (UTRs) that are important post-transcriptional regulators. In cancer, shortening at 3' UTR ends via alternative polyadenylation can activate oncogenes. However, internal 3' UTR splicing remains poorly understood as splicing studies have traditionally focused on protein-coding alterations. Here we systematically map the pan-cancer landscape of 3' UTR splicing and present this in SpUR ( http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/spur/home/ ).

CircRNAs are a novel class of evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNA molecules that form covalently closed continuous loop structures without 5' caps and 3' poly(A) tails. Accumulating evidence suggests that circRNAs play important regulatory roles in cancer and are promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as targets for cancer therapy. In this study, we identify and explore the role of a novel circRNA, circFBXO7, in ovarian cancer.rRNA-depleted RNA-sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between ovarian cancerous and normal tissues.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common renal injury leading to relevant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most of the clinical cases of AKI are caused by ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury with renal ischemia injury followed by reperfusion injury and activation of the innate immune response converging to NF-ĸB pathway induction. Despite the clear role of NF-ĸB in inflammation, it has recently been acknowledged that NF-ĸB may impact other cell functions.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with various neurological complications. Although the mechanism is not fully understood, several studies have shown that neuroinflammation occurs in the acute and post-acute phase. As these studies have predominantly been performed with isolates from 2020, it is unknown if there are differences among SARS-CoV-2 variants in their ability to cause neuroinflammation.

Obesity-induced asthma responds poorly to all current pharmacological interventions, including steroids; suggesting that classic, eosinophilic inflammation is not a mechanism. As insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are common in obese individuals and associated with increased risk of asthma, we used diet-induced obese mice to study how insulin induces airway hyperreactivity. Inhaled 5-HT or methacholine induced dose dependent bronchoconstriction that was significantly potentiated in obese mice.

Fibrosis is a relentlessly progressive and irreversible cause of organ damage, as in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We found that a circular RNA, circPTPN14, is highly expressed in human kidneys with biopsy-proved chronic interstitial fibrosis, mouse kidneys subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) or unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and TGFβ1-stimulated renal tubule epithelial cells (TECs). The intrarenal injection of circPTPN14 shRNA alleviated the progression of fibrosis in kidneys subjected to IR or UUO.

The major cardiac cell types composing the adult heart arise from common multipotent precursor cells. Cardiac lineage decisions are guided by extrinsic and cell-autonomous factors, including recently discovered long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The human lncRNA CARMEN, which is known to dictate specification towards the cardiomyocyte (CM) and the smooth muscle cell (SMC) fates, generates a diversity of alternatively spliced isoforms.The CARMEN locus can be manipulated to direct human primary cardiac precursor cells (CPCs) into specific cardiovascular fates.

Circular RNAs play important roles in many cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the precise functions of most circular RNAs are poorly understood. Here we detected significant downregulation of circTRPS1-2 in ESCC based on high-throughput sequencing of three pairs of ESCC tissue and adjacent normal tissue, followed by PCR validation with another 30 tissue pairs.