ACD can configure probes for the various manual and automated assays for INS for RNAscope Assay, or for Basescope Assay compatible for your species of interest.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014 Sep;138(9):1193-202.
Patel KR, Liu TC, Vaccharajani N, Chapman WC, Brunt EM.
PMID: 25171414 | DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.001
Pathology - Research and Practice
2016 Sep 22
Wanga D, Fu L, Shah W, Zhang J, Yan Y, Ge X, He J, Wang Y, Xu Li.
PMID: - | DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2016.09.009
Background and aims
The causative role of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in breast cancer development is controversial, though a number of reports have identified HR-HPV DNA in breast cancer specimens. Nevertheless, most studies to date have focused primarily on viral DNA rather than the viral transcription. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of HR-HPV in breast cancer tissues at HPV DNA level and HPV oncogenes mRNA level by in situ hybridization (ISH).
Methods
One hundred and forty six (146) cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) and 83 cases of benign breast lesions were included in the study. Type specific oligonucleotide probes were used for the DNA detection of HPV 16,18 and 58 by ISH. HR-HPV oncogenes mRNA was assayed by novel RNAscope HR-HPV HR7 assay ISH. p16 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Results
HR-HPV 16,18 and 58 DNA were detected in 52 out of 146 (35.6%) IDC and in 3 out of 83 (3.6%) benign breast lesions by ISH. The HR-HPV mRNAs was detected only in a few specimens with strong HPV DNA positivity(4/25) in a few scattered cancer cells with very weak punctate nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining. p16 over-expression did not correlate with the HPV DNA positive breast cancer samples(17/52 HPVDNA+ vs 28/94 HPV DNA-, p = 0.731).
Conclusions
HR-HPVs certainly exist in breast cancer tissue with less active transcription, which implies that the causal role of HPV in breast cancer development need further study.
Diagn Pathol.
2015 Aug 19
Shi X, Wu S, Huo Z, Ling Q, Luo Y, Liang Z.
PMID: 26285694 | DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0376-z.
J Virol.
2017 May 17
Jiang RT, Wang JW, Peng S, Huang TC, Wang C, Cannella F, Chang YN, Viscidi RP, Best SRA, Hung CF, Roden RBS.
PMID: 28515303 | DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00699-17
PLoS Pathog.
2017 Nov 27
Xue XY, Majerciak V, Uberoi A, Kim BH, Gotte D, Chen X, Cam M, Lambert PF, Zheng ZM.
PMID: 29176795 | DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006715
Mouse papillomavirus type 1 (MmuPV1) provides, for the first time, the opportunity to study infection and pathogenesis of papillomaviruses in the context of laboratory mice. In this report, we define the transcriptome of MmuPV1 genome present in papillomas arising in experimentally infected mice using a combination of RNA-seq, PacBio Iso-seq, 5' RACE, 3' RACE, primer-walking RT-PCR, RNase protection, Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses. We demonstrate that the MmuPV1 genome is transcribed unidirectionally from five major promoters (P) or transcription start sites (TSS) and polyadenylates its transcripts at two major polyadenylation (pA) sites. We designate the P7503, P360 and P859 as "early" promoters because they give rise to transcripts mostly utilizing the polyadenylation signal at nt 3844 and therefore can only encode early genes, and P7107 and P533 as "late" promoters because they give rise to transcripts utilizing polyadenylation signals at either nt 3844 or nt 7047, the latter being able to encode late, capsid proteins. MmuPV1 genome contains five splice donor sites and three acceptor sites that produce thirty-six RNA isoforms deduced to express seven predicted early gene products (E6, E7, E1, E1^M1, E1^M2, E2 and E8^E2) and three predicted late gene products (E1^E4, L2 and L1). The majority of the viral early transcripts are spliced once from nt 757 to 3139, while viral late transcripts, which are predicted to encode L1, are spliced twice, first from nt 7243 to either nt 3139 (P7107) or nt 757 to 3139 (P533) and second from nt 3431 to nt 5372. Thirteen of these viral transcripts were detectable by Northern blot analysis, with the P533-derived late E1^E4 transcripts being the most abundant. The late transcripts could be detected in highly differentiated keratinocytes of MmuPV1-infected tissues as early as ten days after MmuPV1 inoculation and correlated with detection of L1 protein and viral DNA amplification. In mature warts, detection of L1 was also found in more poorly differentiated cells, as previously reported. Subclinical infections were also observed. The comprehensive transcription map of MmuPV1 generated in this study provides further evidence that MmuPV1 is similar to high-risk cutaneous beta human papillomaviruses. The knowledge revealed will facilitate the use of MmuPV1 as an animal virus model for understanding of human papillomavirus gene expression, pathogenesis and immunology.
Description | ||
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sense Example: Hs-LAG3-sense | Standard probes for RNA detection are in antisense. Sense probe is reverse complent to the corresponding antisense probe. | |
Intron# Example: Mm-Htt-intron2 | Probe targets the indicated intron in the target gene, commonly used for pre-mRNA detection | |
Pool/Pan Example: Hs-CD3-pool (Hs-CD3D, Hs-CD3E, Hs-CD3G) | A mixture of multiple probe sets targeting multiple genes or transcripts | |
No-XSp Example: Hs-PDGFB-No-XMm | Does not cross detect with the species (Sp) | |
XSp Example: Rn-Pde9a-XMm | designed to cross detect with the species (Sp) | |
O# Example: Mm-Islr-O1 | Alternative design targeting different regions of the same transcript or isoforms | |
CDS Example: Hs-SLC31A-CDS | Probe targets the protein-coding sequence only | |
EnEm | Probe targets exons n and m | |
En-Em | Probe targets region from exon n to exon m | |
Retired Nomenclature | ||
tvn Example: Hs-LEPR-tv1 | Designed to target transcript variant n | |
ORF Example: Hs-ACVRL1-ORF | Probe targets open reading frame | |
UTR Example: Hs-HTT-UTR-C3 | Probe targets the untranslated region (non-protein-coding region) only | |
5UTR Example: Hs-GNRHR-5UTR | Probe targets the 5' untranslated region only | |
3UTR Example: Rn-Npy1r-3UTR | Probe targets the 3' untranslated region only | |
Pan Example: Pool | A mixture of multiple probe sets targeting multiple genes or transcripts |
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